Growing With Science Blog

Quick, what is a Cavia porcellus?

If you know it is a guinea pig or cavy (another word for guinea pig), then you probably already have one of these sweet little creatures. Today we are going to look at a few science activities you can do to learn more about guinea pigs.

Classification
Guinea pigs are small rodents originally from the grasslands along the west coast of South America. Well, at least scientists originally thought they were rodents. Some studies of DNA sequences published in the journal Nature during the 1990’s seem to indicate that cavies aren’t rodents. The debate lingers on. If you are interested in genetics, this might be a science topic for you to tackle in the future. (If you need to brush up on what a rodent is, check links in the “Science with Your Pet Mice” post.)

There are some other South American animals that are relatives of domesticated guinea pigs. One is a small brown animal named Cavia aperea. Others are the so-called yellow-toothed cavy, Galea musteloides, and the Muenster yellow-toothed cavy, Galea monasteriensis, which wasn’t discovered until the late 1990’s. More distant relatives are the Patagonian cavy and even the capybara. There are a lot of interesting rodents in South America. See if you can find pictures of them.

Guinea Pig Anatomy
Learning about the parts of your guinea pig can help you understand how your guinea pig functions, and help you determine if your guinea pig is healthy. Here is a website that discusses details of guinea pig anatomy (probably for older children).

Nutrition
Back from when I was a student, I still remember another graduate student complaining that during his thesis defense exam one of the professors asked him “What other mammal besides humans lack the ability to make its own vitamin C?” The student didn’t know the answer, but I did. One of the first things you need to know to keep guinea pigs as pets is that they need vitamin C added to their diet because they can’t make it themselves. You need to use foods that are specially made for guinea pigs, and add fresh vegetables to their diet that are high in vitamin C. Some examples are kale, parsley, and limes.

Guinea pig breeders also recommend feeding guinea pigs hay. Hay is dried grass. As well as being an aid for their digestion, it also helps keep their teeth in good shape. It makes sense they would like grass, since they are originally from grasslands.

Once you’ve covered the nutritional basics, you might want to give the guinea pigs some food choice tests to see if they have any preferences. One of our guinea pigs seems to love grapes, where the other one could care less. The grape-loving guinea pig runs away from tomatoes, though. See previous pet science posts for ideas about setting up a choice test to determine what foods your guinea pig loves best. Just remember to always supply lots of pellets and hay so they never get hungry.

Growing Wheat Grass
Gardening for your pet is always fun. Here are some instructions for growing a mini-garden indoors, which your guinea pig is sure to enjoy. (You should check this one just for the pictures). Cats like grass too. If you choose to use soil, make absolutely sure it is organic. Some soils may contain pesticides, which could harm your piggie.

If you find that you like doing this, grow some sprouts or wheatgrass for yourself to eat, too.

Housing
In nature guinea pigs live in burrows, so they like to have a house to retreat to. A fun project is to design and build a house and see how the pigs like it. You can use cardboard boxes and tubes, or if you have access to woodworking equipment, try wood. Just be sure to use materials that are non-toxic.

Our piggies let us know they thought one of the cardboard houses we provided was too small. They played “flip that house” with it.

Guinea Pig Sounds

I talked about how cats use sounds to communicate last week. It turns out that guinea pigs make an interesting assortment of sounds as well. If you have a guinea pig, listen and record the sounds it makes. Some of the sounds might be described as coos, squeaks, and teeth chatters. Oh yes, and the loud “wheek, wheek, wheek” whenever the refrigerator door opens.

If you don’t have guinea pigs, hear some at Jackie’s Guinea Pigs.

Behavior
Because guinea pigs tend to be timid and run and hide when startled, some people have dismissed their intelligence and disregarded the notion that you might be able to train them. It turns out that guinea pigs are quite intelligent and engaging. With gentleness and patience, you can teach a guinea pig a few tricks.

You might want to start out with behavioral enrichment. What’s that? It is simply providing an interesting and safe environment for your guineas so they don’t get bored. Most guinea pig guides now suggest that you get them out of their cage for at least an hour per day. Provide a safe place for them to exercise and explore. Provide toys such as mirrors, balls and bells. A small box full of shredded paper with a hole in one side will provide them something to explore. Just be sure your guinea pigs seem relaxed and interested. If they seem restless or scared, try to provide something for them to hide under until they feel safe, or return them to their cage and try again later.

By the way, be alert to the fact that guinea pigs often won’t urinate or defecate while away from their box. If your guinea pig seems uncomfortable and has been outside for a while, put him back inside his cage for a little while. Yes, some guinea pigs can be housebroken. When I was a child, my sister and I quickly realized that our piggies did not like to “go” on our beds when we had them out of their cage. They would squeak and protest if we didn’t notice they needed to go.

And speaking of needing to go, I seem to have wandered on here more than I intended. If you have any further questions, feel free to leave a comment.

Books with more information:

For an introduction to guinea pigs for younger children, you might want to try:

I Love Guinea Pigs: Read and Wonder by Dick King-Smith and Anita Jeram (Illustrator) Dick King-Smith has some wonderful fiction books told from the point-of-view of animals. In this case, he has written a nonfiction book that is an introduction to owning and caring for guinea pigs. Note: This book does address the issue of death of a pet.

Proper Care of Guinea Pigs (Proper Care of…Series) by Peter Gurney
Peter Gurney is a beloved advocate of guinea pigs, who was well known in the community of pet owners.

Guinea Pig (Collins Famliy Pet Guides) by Peter Gurney (See above)

Guinea Piglopaedia: A Complete Guide to Guinea Pig Care by Margaret Elward and Mette Ruelokke Although I haven’t seen this one, it has good reviews.

The Guinea Pig Handbook (Barron’s Pet Handbooks) by SharonVanderlip , D.V.M.

The Essential Guinea Pig by Betsy Sikora Siino (Editor)