Author: Roberta (Page 245 of 562)

Bug of the Week: Cocoon versus Chrysalis

In honor of National Moth Week, let’s take a look at a difference between moths and butterflies that confuses people.

Both moths and butterflies go through 4 stages during metamorphosis:  egg, larvae (caterpillar), pupa and adult. The eggs and larvae of butterflies and moths aren’t all that much different, but the pupa and adult stages do show distinct differences.

A moth larva that pupates above the ground often weaves a silk bag around itself called a “cocoon” before it pupates. Then it changes inside the bag (cocoon), forming a brown, stubby pupa.

cocoon-vs-chrysalis

The butterfly larva forms a pupa that may be colorful or uniquely shaped compared to the drab brown pupa of the moth. The butterfly pupa is therefore often called a chrysalis or chrysalid.

For more information, we discussed the moth life cycle in an earlier post.

These days there are plastic models to help children identify the stages (see disclosure about links to Amazon).

luna-moth-life-cycle-safari

Safari Ltd Life Cycle of a Luna Moth Science Kit See how the cocoon has been opened to show the luna moth pupa inside?

butterfly-life-cycle

Butterfly Life Cycle Stages Characters, Plastic – 4 Piece Set; no. ILP4760

These would be fun to accompany a trip to a butterfly garden or pavilion.

Have you ever found a cocoon?

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Mystery Seed of the Week 167

Now this is mysterious.

mystery-tomato

Do you know what the brown bumps on this tomato are?

Hint:  they aren’t seeds, but they just might be related to seeds.

If you care to, please let us know if you have an idea what the bumps are.

Edit:  The answer is now posted.

Seed of the Week: Safflower

Our white mystery seeds from last week were indeed mysterious.

safflower-flower-1

The flower is lovely. I thought it was a safflower, but it was growing “wild” at a park.

Here’s where seed identification comes in handy.

mystery-seeds-166-1

These are our mystery seeds from the plant above.

safflower-plantOne possibility is that the seeds are from a plant closely related to safflower, Carthamus lanatus, which is known as woolly distaff thistle or saffron thistle. The plant does look like a thistle, and looks like it is covered with spider webs, which is how woolly distaff thistle is described.
carthamus-lanatus

(Photo by Steve Hurst @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database)

Those are woolly distaff thistle seeds. Hum, I don’t think so.

carthamus-oxyacanthus

(Photo by Steve Hurst @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database)

How about Carthamus oxyacanthus or jeweled distaff thistle? Still don’t look quite right, although it is closer.

Vbradley_saf08

(Photograph by V.L.Bradley, Safflower images gallery)

These are safflower seeds, Carthamus tinctiorius. Don’t you think that’s matches the mystery seeds?

Vbradley_safflowers

(Photograph by V.L.Bradley, Safflower images gallery) – Safflowers.

safflower-flower-2

Our mystery plant.

People probably feed the birds at this park and some bird seed mixes contains safflower seeds. Mystery solved!

By the way, safflower is very drought tolerant and can be grown as a crop in Arizona.

Have you ever seen safflower growing?

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