Quick, what is a Cavia porcellus?
If you know it is a guinea pig or cavy (another word for guinea pig), then you probably already have one of these sweet little creatures. Today we are going to look at a few science activities you can do to learn more about guinea pigs.
Classification
Guinea pigs are small rodents originally from the grasslands along the west coast of South America. Well, at least scientists originally thought they were rodents. Some studies of DNA sequences published in the journal Nature during the 1990’s seem to indicate that cavies aren’t rodents. The debate lingers on. If you are interested in genetics, this might be a science topic for you to tackle in the future. (If you need to brush up on what a rodent is, check links in the “Science with Your Pet Mice†post.)
There are some other South American animals that are relatives of domesticated guinea pigs. One is a small brown animal named Cavia aperea. Others are the so-called yellow-toothed cavy, Galea musteloides, and the Muenster yellow-toothed cavy, Galea monasteriensis, which wasn’t discovered until the late 1990’s. More distant relatives are the Patagonian cavy and even the capybara. There are a lot of interesting rodents in South America. See if you can find pictures of them.
Guinea Pig Anatomy
Learning about the parts of your guinea pig can help you understand how your guinea pig functions, and help you determine if your guinea pig is healthy. Here is a website that discusses details of guinea pig anatomy (probably for older children).
Nutrition
Back from when I was a student, I still remember another graduate student complaining that during his thesis defense exam one of the professors asked him “What other mammal besides humans lack the ability to make its own vitamin C?” The student didn’t know the answer, but I did. One of the first things you need to know to keep guinea pigs as pets is that they need vitamin C added to their diet because they can’t make it themselves. You need to use foods that are specially made for guinea pigs, and add fresh vegetables to their diet that are high in vitamin C. Some examples are kale, parsley, and limes.
Guinea pig breeders also recommend feeding guinea pigs hay. Hay is dried grass. As well as being an aid for their digestion, it also helps keep their teeth in good shape. It makes sense they would like grass, since they are originally from grasslands.
Once you’ve covered the nutritional basics, you might want to give the guinea pigs some food choice tests to see if they have any preferences. One of our guinea pigs seems to love grapes, where the other one could care less. The grape-loving guinea pig runs away from tomatoes, though. See previous pet science posts for ideas about setting up a choice test to determine what foods your guinea pig loves best. Just remember to always supply lots of pellets and hay so they never get hungry.
Growing Wheat Grass
Gardening for your pet is always fun. Here are some instructions for growing a mini-garden indoors, which your guinea pig is sure to enjoy. (You should check this one just for the pictures). Cats like grass too. If you choose to use soil, make absolutely sure it is organic. Some soils may contain pesticides, which could harm your piggie.
If you find that you like doing this, grow some sprouts or wheatgrass for yourself to eat, too.
Housing
In nature guinea pigs live in burrows, so they like to have a house to retreat to. A fun project is to design and build a house and see how the pigs like it. You can use cardboard boxes and tubes, or if you have access to woodworking equipment, try wood. Just be sure to use materials that are non-toxic.
Our piggies let us know they thought one of the cardboard houses we provided was too small. They played “flip that house†with it.
Guinea Pig Sounds
I talked about how cats use sounds to communicate last week. It turns out that guinea pigs make an interesting assortment of sounds as well. If you have a guinea pig, listen and record the sounds it makes. Some of the sounds might be described as coos, squeaks, and teeth chatters. Oh yes, and the loud “wheek, wheek, wheek†whenever the refrigerator door opens.
If you don’t have guinea pigs, hear some at Jackie’s Guinea Pigs.
Behavior
Because guinea pigs tend to be timid and run and hide when startled, some people have dismissed their intelligence and disregarded the notion that you might be able to train them. It turns out that guinea pigs are quite intelligent and engaging. With gentleness and patience, you can teach a guinea pig a few tricks.
(Video has music and a pop-up ad.)
Although getting your guinea pigs to do tricks like that looks like a lot of fun, it also takes time and patience. You might want to start out with behavioral enrichment. What’s that? It is simply providing an interesting and safe environment for your guineas so they don’t get bored. Most guinea pig guides now suggest that you get them out of their cage for at least an hour per day. Provide a safe place for them to exercise and explore. Provide toys such as mirrors, balls and bells. A small box full of shredded paper with a hole in one side will provide them something to explore. Just be sure your guinea pigs seem relaxed and interested. If they seem restless or scared, try to provide something for them to hide under until they feel safe, or return them to their cage and try again later.
By the way, be alert to the fact that guinea pigs often won’t urinate or defecate while away from their box. If your guinea pig seems uncomfortable and has been outside for a while, put him back inside his cage for a little while. Yes, some guinea pigs can be housebroken.
And speaking of needing to go, I seem to have wandered on here more than I intended. If you have any further questions, feel free to leave a comment.
Books with more information (linked titles and images go to Amazon):
For an introduction to guinea pigs for younger children, you might want to try:
I Love Guinea Pigs: Read and Wonder
The Proper Care of Guinea Pigs
Peter Gurney is a beloved advocate of guinea pigs, who was well known in the community of pet owners.
The Guinea Pig Handbook (Barron’s Pet Handbooks)
Guinea Pigs (Animal Planet® Pet Care Library)
Training Your Guinea Pig (Training Your Pet Series)
Gordon’s Guide to Caring for Your Guinea Pigs (Pets’ Guides)
(Full review at Wrapped in Foil blog)
Guinea pigs are such amazing creatures – I wish more people knew about how proper care, diet, and floor time are important to keep a cavy happy and healthy.
I’m glad you recommend Proper Care of Guinea Pigs by Peter Gurney. I read his books when I first began caring for guinea pigs.
I have 2 guinea pigs and there names are lulu and Bella and there both girls and we are trying to teach them to go upstairs.
Brooklynn,
Guinea pigs can be trained to do many things. Be sure to start small and keep them safe.
Let us know how it goes.
i’m working on how to potty train my guinea pig for a science project. i’ve read that they poop in corners – but my guinea pig isn’t doing that. he seems to just poop and pee right where his butt is when he eats and drinks. i think maybe his cage is too small for him and he needs more space to poop in corners. do you have any advice?
I’m not sure how much training you can do for your individual guinea pig, but some guinea pigs do seem to be more willing to pile their poops than others. What kind of bedding are you using? You might want to try adding hay to one corner and fleece to another corner to see whether your guinea pig prefers to use different types of bedding as a “rest stop.”
Well this happens everyday and everytime. I bring both of my potatoes(guineapigs) out to hang out, they seem really relaxed and got use to me and sit on my lap and all. Then when I return both if them to their cage, they started to get scared of everything even if I want to touch them. Oh yea, how big do guineapigs get? In the video, it looked like they were almost ad big as a kitten
Guinea pigs can vary in size a bit, but probably small kitten sized.
If your cage set up allows it, you might want to let them put themselves away, so to speak. Put a bit of fresh vegetable in the cage to entice them. For mine, when I wanted to clean their cage I’d open the door and the pigs would run out. When I was finished, I put the bedding and food in and open the door again. They’d run back in. Of course, that won’t work if they can’t climb into the cage. It did seem to keep them calm, though.
I need help coming up with safe food related Science experiments for my guinea pigs. Is there ant variety of food suitable for experiments like these?
If so I would love to know.
You probably already know this, but guinea pigs don’t make vitamin C, so need to have it in their diet. Whatever experiment you choose, you should include foods with vitamin C in both the control and tests. They also should have plenty to eat.
Are you thinking of a food choice experiment? How about asking whether guinea pigs like kale or Swiss chard better?
Hey I am doing a science fair on what music do guinea pigs like best and I can’t find any websites can you help
Do you have some specific questions? How are you planning to measure whether a guinea pig likes a certain type of music or not?
Perhaps you could do a choice test. Build a long tunnel and play one type of music softly at one end and another type softly at the other end. Put the guinea pig in the middle and see which end it prefers to go to. Then switch the music and see if it moves. If it stays in the middle, maybe it doesn’t like music at all?